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Instructional System Design (ISD) is a process that ensures learning is developed effectively using various instructional tools or models to achieve the goals of instruction. The ADDIE model, which is one of the ISD models, is a generic process that provides a systematic approach to help instructional designers and training developers build and create effective instructional products and training programs.

The ADDIE model is comprised of the five phases of the learning development process. These phases are Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. Each phase is important as each has an outcome that feeds to the next phase. Together, they work like a loop. There are ongoing activities continually repeated throughout the entire program. This is necessary to see if any further improvements can be made.

The Analysis Phase

This phase intends to define the project’s needs and the existing constraints. Its main purpose is to clarify the instructional problems, establish the instructional goals and objectives, and identify the learning environment including the learner’s existing knowledge, skills, and materials. Here are some of the questions commonly asked during this phase.

• Who is the intended audience?

• What are their skills and characteristics?

• What do they need to learn?

• What types of constraints exist?

• What is the timeline for project completion?

The Design Phase

During this phase, the training specialist should be able to specify the plan and objectives of the learning activity. He or she must also be able to assess, identify, and choose the methods and media to be used. Here are the four basic steps used for the design phase.

• Plan the instructional strategy

• Select the course format

• Document the instructional, visual, and technical design strategy

• Apply the design

The Development Phase

In this phase, designers and developers create and assemble the media and materials according to the decisions made during the design phase. Also during this phase, the project is reviewed and revised according to the feedback or suggestions given that are agreed upon. Here is an example of the process conducted during the development phase:

• Create a prototype

• Develop the materials

• Conduct a review of the project

• Run a pilot session

The Implementation Phase

This phase covers the launching and delivery of the course. It includes the introduction and testing of the products through books, handouts, and other instructional materials and the preparation of the facilitators and learners for learning and using the products.

The Evaluation Phase

This includes the evaluation of the course from all phases to measure how well the project has achieved its goals. This phase is necessary to provide opportunities for feedback from the users, as a reference for the next implementation.

To sum up, ADDIE model is a simplified process of learning development for an efficient training program and projects. It is an instructional design that consists of five phases: the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. It represents a framework or guideline to ensure the effectiveness of the instructional product and experience.

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